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<title>Local programming</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Local programming</span></span>

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<p>The terms <b>local programme</b>, <b>local programming</b>, <b>local content</b> or <b>local television</b> refers to a <a href="Television_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Television program">television program</a> made by a <a href="Television_station" title="Television station">television station</a> or independent <a href="Television_producer" title="Television producer">television producer</a> for <a href="Broadcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcast">broadcast</a> only within the station's transmission area or <a href="Television_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Television market">television market</a>. Local programmes can encompass the whole range of programme <a href="Television_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Television genre">genres</a> but will usually only cover subjects or people of particular interest to an <a href="Audience" title="Audience">audience</a> within the station's <a href="Broadcast_range" title="Broadcast range">coverage</a> area.

</p><p>For example, a local sports programme will present results, interviews and coverage of games or matches, just like a network sports programme, but it would only feature teams and players from within the broadcaster's transmission area.

</p><p>In some cases a <a href="Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television network</a> programme may include a local element as well. This is particularly the case in the <a href="Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and still happens today with <i><a href="Politics_Show" title="Politics Show">Politics Show</a></i>. The <a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> regions will all <a href="Opt-out" title="Opt-out">opt-out</a> at the same time from the main programme to present a locally produced segment.

</p><p>Sometimes locally made programmes that are not too specific to the transmission area, will be sold to other local stations for broadcast in their region.

</p><p>Historically there was a large percentage of local programming on television. Late in the 20th century this has significantly fallen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many cases the only local programmes on a television station today will be the <a href="Local_news" title="Local news">local newscast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The above can also apply to <a href="Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio</a>. A national <a href="Radio_network" title="Radio network">radio network</a> may have local studios or affiliates who opt-out at various times to present local programs and content.

</p><p>In the late-1950s, many of the early Australian television series such as <i><a href="Melbourne_Magazine" title="Melbourne Magazine">Melbourne Magazine</a></i> (1957), <a href="Sydney_Tonight" title="Sydney Tonight">Sydney Tonight</a> (1956–1959), and <i><a href="TV_Talent_Scout" title="TV Talent Scout">TV Talent Scout</a></i> (1957–1958) were broadcast in only a single city.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2></div>

<p>In Canada, historically local television stations produced a significant volume of local programming, including newscasts, locally or regionally oriented talk shows, and variety entertainment programs such as <i><a href="Tiny_Talent_Time" title="Tiny Talent Time">Tiny Talent Time</a></i> or <i><a href="Homegrown_Cafe" title="Homegrown Cafe">Homegrown Cafe</a></i>; a few stations, such as <a href="CHCH-DT" title="CHCH-DT">CHCH-TV</a> in <a href="Hamilton%2C_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a>, <a href="Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="CJOH" class="mw-redirect" title="CJOH">CJOH</a> in <a href="Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, also distributed some of their local programming more widely through <a href="Television_syndication" class="mw-redirect" title="Television syndication">television syndication</a>, most notably CHCH's <i><a href="Hilarious_House_of_Frightenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilarious House of Frightenstein">Hilarious House of Frightenstein</a></i> and CJOH's <i><a href="You_Can't_Do_That_on_Television" title="You Can't Do That on Television">You Can't Do That on Television</a></i>, both of which were broadcast across both Canada and the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.

</p><p>With the cross-national <a href="Consolidation_of_media_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidation of media ownership">consolidation</a> of Canadian media ownership in the 1990s and 2000s, network-affiliated stations now rarely produce much more than their own local or regional newscasts, although some stations may continue to produce a small amount of additional local programming. Independent stations may produce more local programming, although such stations are now rare in the Canadian media landscape.

</p><p>In radio, virtually all Canadian commercial radio stations are officially programmed locally, although many stations cut costs by contracting some dayparts out to <a href="Voice-tracking" title="Voice-tracking">voice-tracked</a> hosts who are not actually located in the station's physical studio or even necessarily in the same city, using a <a href="Home_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Home studio">home studio</a>, and may even be performing their show from the United States. The <a href="CBC_Radio_One" title="CBC Radio One">CBC Radio One</a>, <a href="CBC_Radio_2" class="mw-redirect" title="CBC Radio 2">CBC Radio 2</a>, <a href="Ici_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re" title="Ici Radio-Canada Première">Ici Radio-Canada Première</a> and <a href="Ici_Musique" title="Ici Musique">Ici Musique</a> networks consist primarily of networked national programming, although all include <a href="CBC_Radio_One_local_programming" title="CBC Radio One local programming">some degree of local programming</a> in certain time blocks. Radio One and Première stations have a significant number of production centres which create and air their own local morning and/or afternoon talk shows, while Radio 2's and Ici Musique's local content is limited to local news and weather updates.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2></div>

<p>The term is also generally accepted to refer to television programming that is not produced by a broadcast or other media source for national or international distribution (<a href="Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">broadcast syndication</a>). Usually programming of local interest is produced by either a <a href="Public%2C_educational%2C_and_government_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Public, educational, and government access">Public, educational, and government access</a> (PEG) television organization, <a href="Cable_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable TV">cable TV</a> operator or <a href="Broadcast_network" title="Broadcast network">broadcast network</a> <a href="Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">affiliate</a> stations that offer local <a href="Radio_news" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio news">radio news</a> and <a href="Television_news" class="mw-redirect" title="Television news">television news</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Placeholder_use_of_term">Placeholder use of term</h3></div>

<p>Additionally, the term is used in a more generic form in the United States, <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and other countries in the <a href="Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> as a <a href="Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">placeholder term</a> within published national program guide listings in publications such as the post-2006 format <i><a href="TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a></i> or <i><a href="USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i> which only carry the default schedules of national networks, where the "local programming" designation replaces detailed listings for a local station that would be impossible to print in a national publication. Outside of local newscasts and some rare non-news programming however, the term merely describes time periods under a local station's control, where <a href="Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndicated</a> content airs rather than true local programming. For equivalent <a href="Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">electronic program guide</a> listings for <a href="Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">set-top boxes</a>, the term is used mainly with <a href="Public%2C_educational%2C_and_government_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Public, educational, and government access">PEG stations and networks</a> which do not have a schedule compiled by a cable operator as a default placeholder; other instances are with only broadcast stations who outright refuse or do not release their program listings due to lack of staff, though as advertisers usually demand a minimum schedule to place their ads on a television station (and most of these stations are associated with smaller national <a href="Digital_subchannel" title="Digital subchannel">digital subchannel</a> networks which do provide a default schedule for distribution), the vast majority of broadcast stations do provide program listings. Wikipedia itself also uses this designation in its series of <a href="Lists_of_United_States_network_television_schedules" title="Lists of United States network television schedules">American network television schedule</a> articles for non-network programming time.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Local_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local television in the United Kingdom">Local television in the United Kingdom</a></div>

<p>Many <a href="List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in the United Kingdom">local television stations</a> in the United Kingdom ceased broadcasting due to a lack of viability, but some stations are still being broadcast, including:

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<ul><li><a href="Midlands_Asian_Television" title="Midlands Asian Television">Midlands Asian Television (MATV)</a></li>

<li><a href="NVTV" title="NVTV">NVTV (Northern Visions Television)</a>, <a href="Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Advertorial" title="Advertorial">Advertorial</a>, a common form of local programming in North America where local businesses advertise their products and services</li>

<li><a href="List_of_local_children's_television_series_(United_States)" title="List of local children's television series (United States)">List of local children's television series (United States)</a></li>

<li><a href="Local_television_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Local television in Greece">Local television in Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="Local_origination_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Local origination (disambiguation)">Local origination (disambiguation)</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">Network affiliate</a></li>

<li><a href="Regional_television_in_Australia" title="Regional television in Australia">Regional television in Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Regional_variation" title="Regional variation">Regional variation</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2004" class="citation web cs1">McLaughlin, Paul (November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002355/http://keywords.dsvr.co.uk/freepress/body.phtml?category=&id=842">"We must save regional TV"</a>. Campaign for Press & Broadcasting Freedom. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://keywords.dsvr.co.uk/freepress/body.phtml?category=&id=842">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite></span>

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